{"id":7436,"date":"2026-08-11T23:41:57","date_gmt":"2026-08-11T16:41:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/artistay.net\/?p=7436"},"modified":"2026-08-12T18:03:00","modified_gmt":"2026-08-12T11:03:00","slug":"the-amitabha-buddha-of-khai-tuong-pagoda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/artistay.net\/en\/the-amitabha-buddha-of-khai-tuong-pagoda\/","title":{"rendered":"The Amit\u0101bha Buddha of Kh\u1ea3i T\u01b0\u1eddng Pagoda"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1195\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.ap-northeast-3.amazonaws.com\/artistay.net\/IMG_1176-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7439\"\/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2000\" height=\"1195\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.ap-northeast-3.amazonaws.com\/artistay.net\/IMG_1176-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-7439\"\/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">photo <strong>TRAN HIEU ANH NGUYEN<\/strong><br>text <strong>T\u00c0N NHANG<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:10%\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u1ea3i T\u01b0\u1eddng Pagoda is closely associated with an important episode in the history of the Nguy\u1ec5n dynasty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to historical records cited by the Ho Chi Minh City Museum of History, Nguy\u1ec5n Ph\u00fac \u0110\u1ea3m, later Emperor Minh M\u1ea1ng, was born in 1791 in Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, during the period when Nguy\u1ec5n \u00c1nh and his family were based in southern Vietnam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After ascending the throne in 1820, Minh M\u1ea1ng sought to identify the site of his birth and subsequently ordered the construction of a Buddhist temple there to commemorate it. The imperial court allocated funds for the project, while local authorities were instructed to organise its construction and provide monks and temple lands to sustain its religious activities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.ap-northeast-3.amazonaws.com\/artistay.net\/tp3.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24391\"\/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.ap-northeast-3.amazonaws.com\/artistay.net\/tp3.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24391\"\/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Kh\u1ea3i T\u01b0\u1eddng Pagoda, photographed by \u00c9mile Gsell, circa 1871\u20131874. Credit: Ho Chi Minh City Museum of History.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The temple was granted the name Qu\u1ed1c \u00c2n Kh\u1ea3i T\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ef1, or Kh\u1ea3i T\u01b0\u1eddng Pagoda under Imperial Patronage, reflecting its special position within the Buddhist landscape of the Nguy\u1ec5n dynasty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u1ea3i T\u01b0\u1eddng subsequently became one of the notable Buddhist institutions of Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh. Historical records indicate that the pagoda underwent restoration in 1836, during the seventeenth year of Minh M\u1ea1ng\u2019s reign. Beyond its religious function, the temple carried an important connection with the imperial court and became a prominent place of worship in southern Vietnam.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A Nearly Two-Metre Buddha Sent from Hu\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When the pagoda was completed, Emperor Minh M\u1ea1ng ordered a Buddha statue to be sent from the imperial capital of Hu\u1ebf to Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh for worship.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Ho Chi Minh City Museum of History currently identifies the sculpture as an Amit\u0101bha Buddha. Standing approximately 1.96 metres high, the statue was carved from jackfruit wood, assembled from seven separate wooden sections, then lacquered and gilded. The Buddha is represented seated in the full lotus position, with both hands forming a meditation mudra. The head features the characteristic <em>u\u1e63\u1e47\u012b\u1e63a<\/em>, while the elongated earlobes extend towards the shoulders. The robe covers both shoulders, and a Buddhist swastika symbol is carved on the chest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Together with its imposing scale and gilded surface, these features would have given the statue a commanding presence within the original worship space of Kh\u1ea3i T\u01b0\u1eddng Pagoda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some secondary sources have previously referred to the sculpture as an image of \u015a\u0101kyamuni Buddha. However, the official documentation currently provided by the Ho Chi Minh City Museum of History identifies it as Amit\u0101bha Buddha, making this the more appropriate designation when discussing the object in its present museum context.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>From Imperial Pagoda to Years of Displacement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The fate of the statue changed dramatically following the French attack on Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh in 1859.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u1ea3i T\u01b0\u1eddng, together with several other major religious buildings in the area, was occupied and used by French forces. Removed from its original sacred setting, the Buddha statue began a prolonged period of displacement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">According to museum records, Kh\u1ea3i T\u01b0\u1eddng Pagoda was dismantled in 1867. The statue was subsequently moved through several locations before being transferred to the Governor-General\u2019s Palace, later known as Norodom Palace. Archival images show that it was once displayed inside the building\u2019s main hall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This journey gave the statue an additional historical dimension. It had begun as an object of worship commissioned by a Nguy\u1ec5n emperor, yet later became a witness to the profound transformation of Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh under French colonial rule.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The architecture of Kh\u1ea3i T\u01b0\u1eddng disappeared and its original religious setting was lost, but the statue survived.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image alignwide size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.ap-northeast-3.amazonaws.com\/artistay.net\/tp2-1024x753.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24392\"\/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.ap-northeast-3.amazonaws.com\/artistay.net\/tp2-1024x753.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24392\"\/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The Buddha statue from Kh\u1ea3i T\u01b0\u1eddng Pagoda displayed in the main hall of the Governor-General\u2019s Palace. Credit: Ho Chi Minh City Museum of History<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.ap-northeast-3.amazonaws.com\/artistay.net\/tp.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24396\"\/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.ap-northeast-3.amazonaws.com\/artistay.net\/tp.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24396\"\/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The Buddha statue from Kh\u1ea3i T\u01b0\u1eddng Pagoda displayed in the central hall of the National Museum of Vietnam in Saigon, before 1975. Credit: Ho Chi Minh City Museum of History.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.ap-northeast-3.amazonaws.com\/artistay.net\/IMG_1180.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24397\" style=\"aspect-ratio:4\/3;object-fit:cover\"\/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.ap-northeast-3.amazonaws.com\/artistay.net\/IMG_1180.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24397\" style=\"aspect-ratio:4\/3;object-fit:cover\"\/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photo credit: Tran Hieu Anh Nguyen<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.ap-northeast-3.amazonaws.com\/artistay.net\/IMG_1182-1024x682.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24398\" style=\"aspect-ratio:4\/3;object-fit:cover\"\/><noscript><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/s3.ap-northeast-3.amazonaws.com\/artistay.net\/IMG_1182-1024x682.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-24398\" style=\"aspect-ratio:4\/3;object-fit:cover\"\/><\/noscript><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Photo credit: Tran Hieu Anh Nguyen<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:10%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>An Artefact Intertwined with the History of the Museum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another important chapter began in 1929, when the statue was transferred to the newly opened Mus\u00e9e Blanchard de la Brosse, where it was displayed in the museum\u2019s central octagonal hall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The museum itself is an important part of Saigon\u2019s architectural and cultural history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Its institutional predecessor was established in 1927 as the Mus\u00e9e de la Cochinchine. It was renamed Mus\u00e9e Blanchard de la Brosse in 1928 and formally opened in its purpose-built premises in early 1929. It is widely regarded as the first museum established in southern Vietnam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Designed by architect Auguste Delaval, the museum building is distinguished by its octagonal central volume and an architectural language that combines Western planning principles with decorative references to Asian architecture.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 1956, the institution became the National Museum of Vietnam in Saigon. On 23 August 1979, it officially took the name Ho Chi Minh City Museum of History. The building was recognised as a national architectural and artistic monument in 2012.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Today, the museum preserves more than 40,000 artefacts, with collections documenting Vietnamese history and culture alongside significant materials from other parts of Asia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Kh\u1ea3i T\u01b0\u1eddng Buddha has therefore remained within this museum environment since 1929. In 2008, it was included in a conservation programme involving a group of historic lacquered and gilded wooden Buddha statues dating from the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries, further demonstrating its importance within the museum\u2019s Buddhist art collection.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A Surviving Trace of Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Today, the Amit\u0101bha Buddha of Kh\u1ea3i T\u01b0\u1eddng Pagoda forms part of the Buddhist art collection of the Ho Chi Minh City Museum of History.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To stand before the statue is therefore to encounter more than an early nineteenth-century work of Buddhist sculpture. Its aged gilded surface carries several overlapping histories: the Nguy\u1ec5n dynasty, the religious life of old Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh, the French conquest of Saigon, the transformation of the colonial city and the development of one of southern Vietnam\u2019s earliest museums.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u1ea3i T\u01b0\u1eddng Pagoda itself has disappeared from the urban landscape. Its architecture, religious activities and relationship with the surrounding neighbourhood can now be reconstructed only through historical documents, maps and surviving records.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Buddha statue consequently occupies an unusual position. Once made for a specific sacred space, it survived the destruction of that space, war, relocation and changing systems of display.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In a city that has repeatedly transformed itself, the statue gives the past a tangible presence. History here is no longer confined to written records. It can still be encountered in the scale of the sculpture, the worn gilding of its surface, the carved folds of its robe and the quiet expression of a Buddha that has endured through more than two centuries of change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-dots\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sources<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ho Chi Minh City Museum of History<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>\u0110\u1ea1i Nam Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ed1ng Ch\u00ed<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh Th\u00e0nh Th\u00f4ng Ch\u00ed<\/em><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9<\/em> Newspaper<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>X\u01b0a &amp; Nay<\/em> Magazine<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ho Chi Minh City Monuments Conservation Centre<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Discover the history of the Amit\u0101bha Buddha of Kh\u1ea3i T\u01b0\u1eddng Pagoda, from Minh M\u1ea1ng\u2019s Gia \u0110\u1ecbnh to its preservation in Ho Chi Minh City today.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7437,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[306],"tags":[310,316],"class_list":["post-7436","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-art-culture","tag-highlight","tag-vietnam"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - 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